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The roles of women in Indonesia today are being affected by many factors, including increased modernization, globalization, improved education and advances in technology. . Many Indonesian women choose to reside in cities instead of staying in townships to perform agricultural work because of personal, professional, and family-related necessities, and economic requiremen
During the 2019 Indonesia's general election, women candidates secured 20.7% of the 575 seat national legislature and 30& of the 136 seat Regional Representative Assembly. [48] Nevertheless, women in Indonesia make up almost half of the nation's population of 267,026,366 people and are still the minority in government. [49]
These roles can also be seen as fundamental occupational and spiritual callings, which are not as directly involved in designations such as male and female. [8] [9] In daily social life, the bissu, the calabai, and the calalai may enter the dwelling places and the villages of both men and women. [5]
Some 9 million Indonesians were in domestic work in the country and abroad as of 2020, according to an estimate by Indonesia’s National Commission on Violence Against Women released in 2020.
The Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (MoWECP) (Indonesian: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, abbreviated Kemen PPPA) of the Republic of Indonesia, formerly the Ministry of Women's Empowerment of the Republic of Indonesia, is a government ministry responsible for the rights and welfare of women and children of Indonesia.
Increasingly, married couples go off on merantau; in such situations, the woman's role tends to change. [18] When married couples reside in urban areas or outside the Minangkabau region and a Minang woman marries a non-Minang man, the woman will rely on the protection provided by the husband more than that of her council of uncles.
When in Indonesia, by and large a conservative and modest dress sense should be adopted — especially by women. Skirt hemlines should fall below the knee and the shoulders should always be covered. Business attire is generally conservative. Women should dress conservatively ensuring that they are well covered from ankle to neck. [9]
Similarly, in Indonesia, 70% of all emigrant workers leaving Indonesia for Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and South Korea are women seeking domestic and care work. Some Southeast Asian governments have actively promoted the emigration of women workers, both to reduce unemployment and increase remittances. [ 37 ]