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Hydropower (from Ancient Greek ὑδρο-, "water"), also known as water power or water energy, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a water source to produce power. [ 1 ]
It was the world’s first pumped-storage facility to use seawater for storing energy. [1] Its maximum output was 30 MW. [2] Construction of the plant started in 1987 and was completed in 1999 [3] at a cost of ¥3.2 billion. It was dismantled in 2016.
In 2021, global installed hydropower electrical capacity reached almost 1,400 GW, the highest among all renewable energy technologies. [7] Hydroelectricity plays a leading role in countries like Brazil, Norway and China. [8] but there are geographical limits and environmental issues. [9] Tidal power can be used in coastal regions.
According to the International Hydropower Association, the United States is the 3rd largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world in 2021 after Brazil and China. [3] Total installed capacity for 2020 was 102.8 GW. The installed capacity was 80 GW in 2015.
Conduit hydroelectricity (or conduit hydropower) is a method of using mechanical energy of water as part of the water delivery system through man-made conduits to generate electricity. Generally, the conduits are existing water pipelines such as in public water supply . [ 1 ]
Moragolla is the last major Hydro Power Plant in Mahaweli Ganga Hydro Power Scheme. The project site is located on the upper reaches of the Mahaweli Ganga in the Central Highlands, approximately 22 km south of Kandy City, close to the village of Ulapane in Kandy district and about 130 km north-east of Colombo.
In 2021, hydropower was the cheapest source of electricity in Turkey, [5] but the IEA expects only a small increase in hydropower by 2026, partly due to the competitive prices of wind and solar. [16]: 62, 63 Some academics, such as those at the Shura Energy Transition Center, say that there is limited potential for more hydropower. [17]
The Manuel Piar Hydroelectric Power Plant (Tocoma Dam) is a stalled hydroelectric development project in the Lower Caroní River Basin of Venezuela.The project, started in 2006, includes the installation of 2,320 megawatts (3,110,000 hp) MW to generate annual average energy of 12,100 gigawatt-hours (44,000 TJ).