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A proximal phalanx (plural: phalanges) is one of the tubular long bones [11] located in the bottom row of the phalanges or finger bones [1]. Each proximal phalanx has a head, a body/shaft, and a base.
Phalanx Fractures are common hand injuries that involve the proximal, middle or distal phalanx. Diagnosis can be confirmed with orthogonal radiographs of the involve digit. Treatment involves immobilization or surgical fixation depending on location, severity and alignment of injury.
The proximal phalanx is the phalanx (toe bone) closest to the leg. The image shows a diagram of where these bones lie in the foot—the midpoint of the proximal phalanges being where to the toes branch off from the main body of the foot.
Anatomy. The bones of the forefoot. The forefoot has 5 metatarsal bones and 14 phalanges (toe bones). There are 3 phalanges in each toe — except for the first toe, which usually has only 2. All the bones in the forefoot are designed to work together when you walk.
Fractures of the proximal phalanx can be complex owing to forces exerted on the fracture fragments by multiple muscles and tendons which often result in angular or rotational deformity. This topic review will discuss fractures of the proximal phalanx.
In vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ("finger" bone). The middle phalanx also has a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin.
Each hand has a total of five proximal phalanges, one in each digit. Compared to the middle and distal phalanges, they are the largest ones. The proximal phalanx of the thumb is an exception because it is shorter and more stout compared to the rest.
Each thumb (first digit) contains a proximal and distal phalanx, while the index (second digit), long (third digit), ring (fourth digit), and small (fifth digit) fingers all contain a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx.
Proximal Phalanges: Located at the proximal end, articulating with the metacarpals [6]. Middle Phalanges: Located in the middle, between the proximal phalanges and distal phalanges. The middle phalanx is not present in the human thumb, which only has a proximal and a distal phalanx [7].
Proximal phalangeal fractures usually angulate volarly due to the proximal fragment flexed by interossei and the distal fragment extended by the central slip's insertion on the base of the middle phalanx. Normally, flexed fingertips should all point toward the scaphoid without significant overlap.