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  2. Three-tier system (alcohol distribution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-tier_system_(alcohol...

    The only substantial exception to the three-tier system is the State of Washington. [4] In November 2011, voters in Washington approved Initiative 1183, which dismantled the state-operated retailing system and removed the legal requirement for a three-tier distribution system for alcoholic beverage sales.

  3. Three-tier system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-tier_system

    Three-tier system may refer to: Multitier architecture , a client–server architecture in software engineering, typically of three tiers Three-tier system (alcohol distribution) , the system established in the U.S. after the repeal of Prohibition

  4. Open energy system models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_energy_system_models

    pandapower is a power system analysis and optimization program being jointly developed by the Energy Management and Power System Operation research group, University of Kassel and the Department for Distribution System Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology (IEE), both of Kassel, Germany.

  5. Electric power distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution

    In this system, the primary distribution network supplies a few substations per area, and the 230 V / 400 V power from each substation is directly distributed to end users over a region of normally less than 1 km radius. Three live (hot) wires and the neutral are connected to the building for a three phase service. Single-phase distribution ...

  6. Distribution management system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_management_system

    An outage management system has a network component/connectivity model of the distribution system. By combining the locations of outage calls from customers with knowledge of the locations of the protection devices (such as circuit breakers) on the network, a rule engine is used to predict the locations of outages. Based on this, restoration ...

  7. Substation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substation

    A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area. [10] It is uneconomical to directly connect electricity consumers to the main transmission network, unless they use large amounts of power, so the distribution station reduces voltage to a level suitable for local distribution.

  8. American wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_wine

    For the majority of states, this led to the development of a three-tier distribution system between the producer, wholesaler, and consumer. Depending on the state, there are some exceptions, with wineries allowed to sell directly to consumers on site at the winery or to ship wine across state lines.

  9. Electric power transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission

    The system proved the feasibility of AC electric power transmission over long distances. [8] The first commercial AC distribution system entered service in 1885 in via dei Cerchi, Rome, Italy, for public lighting. It was powered by two Siemens & Halske alternators rated 30 hp (22 kW), 2 kV at 120 Hz and used 19 km of cables and 200 parallel ...