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  2. Atmosphere of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars

    The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars. It is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (95%), molecular nitrogen (2.85%), and argon (2%). [3] It also contains trace levels of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and noble gases. [3][5][2] The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner and colder than Earth's having a max ...

  3. Climate of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars

    Climate of Mars. Mars' cloudy sky as seen by Perseverance rover in 2023, sol 738. The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope. Although Mars is smaller than the Earth ...

  4. Common surface features of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Common_surface_features_of_Mars

    [55] [56] Large areas of the Martian surface are loaded with ice that is protected by a meters thick layer of dust and other material. However, if cracks appear, a fresh surface will expose ice to the thin atmosphere. [57] [58] In a short time, the ice will disappear into the cold, thin atmosphere in a process called sublimation. Dry ice ...

  5. Amazonis Planitia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonis_Planitia

    24°48′N 196°00′E  /  24.8°N 196.0°E  / 24.8; 196.0. Amazonis Planitia (/ əˈmæzənɪs pləˈnɪʃiə /, Latin Amāzŏnis) is one of the smoothest plains on Mars. It is located between the Tharsis and Elysium volcanic provinces, to the west of Olympus Mons, in the Amazonis and Memnonia quadrangles, centered at 24.8°N 196.0°E.

  6. Martian surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_surface

    The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1]) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface. The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it has increasingly become a ...

  7. Thermal Emission Imaging System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_Emission_Imaging...

    The THEMIS instrument, before being mounted onto Mars Odyssey. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) is a camera on board the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter. It images Mars in the visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to determine the thermal properties of the surface and to refine the distribution of minerals on the surface of Mars as determined by the Thermal ...

  8. Planetshine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshine

    Planetshine is the dim illumination, by sunlight reflected from a planet, of all or part of the otherwise dark side of any moon orbiting the body. Planetlight is the diffuse reflection of sunlight from a planet, whose albedo can be measured. The most observed and familiar example of planetshine is earthshine on the Moon, which is most visible ...

  9. Geology of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Mars

    The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the ...