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Massive. v. t. e. In electrical engineering, electrical length is a dimensionless parameter equal to the physical length of an electrical conductor such as a cable or wire, divided by the wavelength of alternating current at a given frequency traveling through the conductor. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] In other words, it is the length of the conductor ...
Transmission line. Schematic of a wave moving rightward down a lossless two-wire transmission line. Black dots represent electrons, and the arrows show the electric field. In electrical engineering, a transmission line is a specialized cable or other structure designed to conduct electromagnetic waves in a contained manner.
Wavelength depends on the medium (for example, vacuum, air, or water) that a wave travels through. Examples of waves are sound waves, light, water waves and periodic electrical signals in a conductor. A sound wave is a variation in air pressure, while in light and other electromagnetic radiation the strength of the electric and the magnetic ...
The fundamental resonance of a thin linear conductor occurs at a frequency whose free-space wavelength is twice the wire's length; i.e. where the conductor is 1 / 2 wavelength long. Dipole antennas are frequently used at around that frequency and thus termed half-wave dipole antennas. This important case is dealt with in the next section.
The band gap is called "direct" if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon. In an "indirect" gap, a photon cannot be emitted because the electron must pass through an intermediate state and transfer momentum to the crystal lattice.
The wavelength is the distance from one peak (crest) of the wave's electric field to the next, and is inversely proportional to the frequency of the wave. The relation of frequency and wavelength in a radio wave traveling in vacuum or air is = , where
Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced / ˈkoʊ.æks /), is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric (insulating material); many coaxial cables also have a protective outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial refers to the inner conductor and the ...
The wavelength in the conductor is much shorter than the wavelength in vacuum, or equivalently, the phase velocity in a conductor is very much slower than the speed of light in a vacuum. For example, a 1 MHz radio wave has a wavelength in vacuum λ o of about 300 m, whereas in copper, the wavelength is reduced to only about 0.5 mm with a phase ...