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e. Italian orthography (the conventions used in writing Italian) uses the Latin alphabet to write the Italian language. This article focuses on the writing of Standard Italian, based historically on the Florentine variety of Tuscan. [1] Written Italian is very regular and almost completely phonemic – having an almost one-to-one correspondence ...
A text message conversation on an iPhone. Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, tablet computers, smartwatches, desktops / laptops, or another type of compatible computer.
The Italian scribe Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi's 1522 influential pamphlet on handwriting called La Operina was the first book on writing the italic script known as cursive chancery hand. [6] He was a scribe in the Papal Curia , which had refined cursive chancery hand in its infancy during the latter half of the 15th century. [ 4 ]
Google Translate is a web-based free-to-use translation service developed by Google in April 2006. [12] It translates multiple forms of texts and media such as words, phrases and webpages. Originally, Google Translate was released as a statistical machine translation (SMT) service. [12] The input text had to be translated into English first ...
This article is a list of standard proofreader's marks used to indicate and correct problems in a text. Marks come in two varieties, abbreviations and abstract symbols. These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the ...
English ladies were often taught an "Italian hand", suitable for the occasional writing that they were expected to do. [4] Grace Ioppolo notes [ 2 ] that the convention in writing the texts of dramas was to write act and scene settings, characters' names and stage directions in italic, and the dialogue in secretary hand.
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. [1] The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages ...
Palaeography is an essential skill for many historians, semioticians and philologists, as it addresses a suite of interrelated lines of inquiry.First, since the style of an alphabet, grapheme or sign system set within a register in each given dialect and language has evolved constantly, it is necessary to know how to decipher its individual substantive, occurrence make-up and constituency.