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Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon Aristotelianism and the Ten Categories. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translated scholastic Judeo-Islamic philosophies , and "rediscovered" the collected works of Aristotle .
Peter Lombard (also Peter the Lombard, [9][5] Pierre Lombard or Petrus Lombardus; [10] c. 1096 – 21/22 August 1160) was an Italian scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of Four Books of Sentences which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he earned the accolade Magister Sententiarum. [11]
Catholic philosophy. Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism [1] or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic theology and philosophy which began in the second half of the 19th century.
The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, religious traditions, and proverbial lore. Western philosophy originated with an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the cosmos in Ancient ...
Empiricism [2] William of Ockham or Occam OFM (/ ˈɒkəm / OK-əm; Latin: Gulielmus Occamus; [9][10] c. 1287 – 10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and Catholic theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. [11] He is considered to be one of the major figures ...
John Wycliffe (/ ˈwɪklɪf /; also spelled Wyclif, Wickliffe, and other variants; [a] c. 1328 – 31 December 1384) [2] was an English scholastic philosopher, Christian reformer, Catholic priest, and a theology professor at the University of Oxford.
Second scholasticism, [1] also called Modern scholasticism, is the period of revival of scholastic system of philosophy and theology, in the 16th and 17th centuries.The scientific culture of second scholasticism surpassed its medieval source (Scholasticism) in the number of its proponents, the breadth of its scope, the analytical complexity, sense of historical and literary criticism, and the ...
t. e. Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek philosophía (φιλοσοφία ...