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The economy of Japan is a highly developed mixed economy, often referred to as an East Asian model. [23] It is the fourth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP behind the United States , China , and Germany , and the fifth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), below India and Russia. [ 24 ]
The spelling and pronunciation "yen" is standard in English, because when Japan was first encountered by Europeans around the 16th century, Japanese /e/ (え) and /we/ (ゑ) were both pronounced [je]. Accordingly, Portuguese missionaries spelled them as "ye".
While many other native Japanese words (for example, 汝 nanji archaic word for "you") with ん were once pronounced and/or written with む (mu), proper historical kana only uses む for ん in the case of the auxiliary verb, which is only used in classical Japanese, and has morphed into the volitional ～う (-u) form in modern Japanese.
The article lists the GDP of Japanese prefectures in main fiscal years, where all figures are obtained from the Statistics Bureau of Japan (日本統計局).Calculating GDP of Japanese prefectures is based on Japanese yen (JP¥), for easy comparison, all the GDP figures are converted into United States dollar (US$) or Renminbi (CN¥) according to current annual average exchange rates.
Another early English character dictionary is 六千字典 = 6000 Chinese Characters with Japanese Pronunciation and Japanese and English Renderings by J. Ira Jones and H.V.S. Peeke published in 1915 in Tokyo. [6] The fourth edition of this work appeared in 1936. [7] There are currently four major Kan–Ei dictionaries.
International conflicts tended to stimulate the Japanese economy until the devastation at the end of World War II. The Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), World War I (1914–1918), the Korean War (1950–1953), and the Second Indochina War (1954–1975) brought economic booms to Japan. In addition, benign treatment from the United States after ...
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The Tokugawa Japan during a long period of “closed country” autarky between the mid-seventeenth century and the 1850s had achieved a high level of urbanization; well-developed road networks; the channeling of river water flow with embankments and the extensive elaboration of irrigation ditches that supported and encouraged the refinement of rice cultivation based upon improving seed ...