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The test format doesn't seem to impact the results as it is the process of retrieval that aids the learning [79] but transfer-appropriate processing suggests that if the encoding of information is through a format similar to the retrieval format then the test results are likely to be higher, with a mismatch causing lower results. [80]
In essence, testing of old information had a negative impact on learning new information, rather than the positive effect predicted by the forward testing effect. [13] These findings prompted another study to be conducted by Chan and Davis in 2015 which aimed to explain these findings which undermined the validity of the forward testing effect.
Washback effect refers to the impact of testing on curriculum design, teaching practices, and learning behaviors. [1] The influences of testing can be found in the choices of learners and teachers: teachers may teach directly for specific test preparation, or learners might focus on specific aspects of language learning found in assessments.
The term Testing Effect is used to describe this increase in memory performance. [15] Taking notes by using a computer can also deter impactful learning, even when students are using computers solely for the purpose note-taking and are not attempting to multitask, during lectures or study sessions.
Skill-based learning: In areas like typing, athletics, or other practical skills, teaching to the test is the primary approach, emphasizing practice and repetition to achieve proficiency. [5] However, teaching to the test can sometimes misrepresent students' actual learning. For example, students who memorize vocabulary for a reading test may ...
Roediger and his colleagues have also studied the form of test which is most effective. They report that short answer questions produce stronger testing-enhancements of learning compared to multiple-choice testing. Further research is being conducted to discover the optimal timing between tests and the best media for conducting tests. [28]
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