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Silicon ions in lava strongly bind to four oxygen ions in a tetrahedral arrangement. If an oxygen ion is bound to two silicon ions in the melt, it is described as a bridging oxygen, and lava with many clumps or chains of silicon ions connected by bridging oxygen ions is described as partially polymerized.
In a magma that is low in silicon, these silica tetrahedra are isolated, but as the silicon content increases, silica tetrahedra begin to partially polymerize, forming chains, sheets, and clumps of silica tetrahedra linked by bridging oxygen ions. These greatly increase the viscosity of the magma. [47]
Silicon is tetrahedral in all thiosilicates and sulfur is bridging or terminal. Formally such materials are derived from silicon disulfide in analogy to the relationship between silicon dioxide and silicates. Thiosilicates are typically encountered as colorless solids. They are characteristically sensitive to hydrolysis.
Lavarand, also known as the Wall of Entropy, is a hardware random number generator designed by Silicon Graphics that worked by taking pictures of the patterns made by the floating material in lava lamps, extracting random data from the pictures, and using the result to seed a pseudorandom number generator.
Zirconium silicon sulfide (ZrSiS) is a crystalline layered Dirac semi-metal compound of zirconium, silicon and sulfur. [1] Its crystals are made from planes of five single-atom layers of each element in the order S-Zr-Si-Zr-S, with the single element planes connected to their neighbors by van der Waals forces .
Strained silicon. Strained silicon is a layer of silicon in which the silicon atoms are stretched beyond their normal interatomic distance. [1] This can be accomplished by putting the layer of silicon over a substrate of silicon–germanium (Si Ge). As the atoms in the silicon layer align with the atoms of the underlying silicon germanium layer ...
The result is a raised mound of hardened lava rock, usually a relatively narrow but long ridge. [1] Tension cracks form on the surface of pressure ridges and run along the axis of elongated ridges, and at both edges of broader ridges, sometimes referred to as pressure plateaus. [ 1 ]
The μ 4 describes the bridging of the central oxide ion. (Note the use of the kappa convention to describe the bridging of the acetate ion where both oxygen atoms are involved.) In the name where a ligand is involved in different modes of bridging, the multiple bridging is listed in decreasing order of complexity, e.g. μ 3 bridging before μ ...