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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin , adenylate cyclase toxin , filamentous haemagglutinin , pertactin , fimbria , and tracheal cytotoxin .
Molecular structure of pertussis toxin complex (protein) highlighting alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. Also including the 5 different sub-units. The most thoroughly studied of the Bordetella species are B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, and the pathogenesis of respiratory disease caused by these bacteria has been reviewed.
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for causing whooping cough. Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, is also coccobacillus. [26] Coxiella burnetti is also a coccobacillus. [27] [28] Bacteria from the genus Brucella are medically important coccobacilli that cause brucellosis.
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella. [1] It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals, [ 2 ] but rarely infects humans. [ 3 ]
Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis is a 1706 amino acid residue long protein.The protein consists of three domains: from the N-terminus up to roughly residue 400, there is an adenylate-cyclase domain; between residues 500 and 700, there is a hydrophobic domain; and from residue 1000 to the C-terminus, there are calcium binding repeats.
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB 5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, [2] which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. [ 3 ]
Moreover, the Bordetella pertussis adhesins FHA and pertactin are components of three of the four acellular pertussis vaccines currently licensed for use in the U.S. Additionally, anti-adhesion vaccines are being explored as a solution to urinary tract infection (UTIs).
PRN is purified from Bordetella pertussis and is used for the vaccine production as one of the important components of acellular pertussis vaccine. [2] A large part of the N-terminus of the pertactin protein is composed of beta helix repeats. [3] This region of the pertactin protein is secreted through the C-terminal autotransporter.