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Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.
The inner reaches of one long fjord, named Eiriksfjord after him, was where he eventually established his estate Brattahlíð. He issued tracts of land to his followers. [11] Map showing the extent of the Norse world. Norse Greenland consisted of two settlements.
c. 1000: Erik the Red and Leif Ericson, Viking navigators, discovered and settled Greenland, Helluland (possibly Baffin Island), Markland (now called Labrador), and Vinland (now called Newfoundland). The Greenland colony lasted until the 15th century. c. 1350: The Norse Western Settlement in Greenland was abandoned.
Around 1519–1521, with a mission to establish colonies for Portugal, João Álvares Fagundes explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia. In 1521, Juan Ponce de León attempted to establish a permanent settlement on the west coast of Florida. The landing place has not been determined. His expedition was repulsed by natives.
1492: La Navidad is established on the island of Hispaniola; it was destroyed by the following year. 1493: The colony of La Isabela is established on the island of Hispaniola. [6] 1493: Columbus arrives in Puerto Rico; 1494: Columbus arrives in Jamaica. 1496: Santo Domingo, the first European permanent settlement, is built. [7]
The Ship Sarcophagus: a Phoenician ship carved on a sarcophagus, 2nd century AD.. The theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas suggests that the earliest Old World contact with the Americas was not with Columbus or Norse settlers, but with the Phoenicians (or, alternatively, other Semitic peoples) in the first millennium BC.
Oldest English-founded city in North America, [7] seasonal until c. 1630 1508 Caparra: Puerto Rico: United States 1509 Sevilla la Nueva: Seville, St. Ann's Bay: Jamaica: Established by Juan de Esquivel, the first Spanish governor of Jamaica, St Ann's Bay was the third capital established by Spain in the Americas. 1510 Nombre de Dios: Colón: Panama
Within a century, the Swedish established New Sweden; the Dutch established New Netherland; and Denmark–Norway along with the Swedish and Dutch established colonization of parts of the Caribbean. By the 1700s, Denmark–Norway revived its former colonies in Greenland, and Russia began to explore and claim the Pacific Coast from Alaska to ...