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Some examples include exercise, [1] sleep improvement, [2] and dietary habits. [3] Non-pharmacological interventions may be intended to prevent or treat (ameliorate or cure) diseases or other health-related conditions, or to improve public health. They can be educational and may involve a variety of lifestyle or environmental changes. [4]
Common issues that are the subject of public health interventions include obesity, [3] drug, tobacco, and alcohol use, [4] and the spread of infectious disease, e.g. HIV. [5] A policy may meet the criteria of a public health intervention if it prevents disease on both the individual and community level and has a positive impact on public health ...
Interventions in population health "shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions" [7] and are implemented through "programs or policies designed and developed in the health sector, but they are more likely to be in sectors elsewhere, such as education, housing or employment". [7]
In Europe, notable examples include Germany and France. In Germany, the first national disease management program for diabetes enrolled patients in 2003. They are funded and operated by individual sickness funds that in turn contract with regular health care providers. In France, the program Sophia for diabetic patients was introduced in 2008.
Health care is an important determinant in promoting the general physical and mental health and well-being of people around the world. [5] An example of this was the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1980, declared by the WHO, as the first disease in human history to be eliminated by deliberate health care interventions. [6]
An example of a health promotion diagnosis is: Readiness for enhanced nutrition. Syndrome diagnosis A clinical judgment describing a specific cluster of nursing diagnoses that occur together, and are best addressed together and through similar interventions. An example of a syndrome diagnosis is: Relocation stress syndrome. [11]
In Northern Europe, infection prevention and control is expanded from healthcare into a component in public health, known as "infection protection" (smittevern, smittskydd, Infektionsschutz in the local languages). It is an essential part of the infrastructure of health care.
In some health systems, patients and family members serve as advisers to the hospital in order to provide input that can lead to general quality improvement efforts. [3] Family-centered approaches to health care intervention also generally lead to wiser allocation of health care resources, as well as greater patient and family satisfaction.