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Temperature-sensitive gene 43 mutants have been identified that have an antimutator phenotype, that is a lower rate of spontaneous mutation than wild type. [7] Studies of one of these mutants, tsB120, showed that the DNA polymerase specified by this mutant copies DNA templates at a slower rate than the wild-type polymerase. [8]
The total number of digits per sequence is L=100, and the master sequence has a selective advantage of a=1.05. The population of the master sequence as a fraction of the total population (n) as a function of overall mutation rate (1-Q). The total number of digits per sequence is L=100, and the master sequence has a selective advantage of a=1.05.
During G 2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated into each daughter cell at the mitosis or M phase. [2] These daughter copies each contains one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand.
In molecular biology and biochemistry, processivity is an enzyme's ability to catalyze "consecutive reactions without releasing its substrate". [1]For example, processivity is the average number of nucleotides added by a polymerase enzyme, such as DNA polymerase, per association event with the template strand.
This rate is two orders of magnitude greater than the spontaneous rate of point mutation per nucleotide site in this species. [19] Older (indirect) studies reported locus-specific duplication rates in bacteria, Drosophila, and humans ranging from 10 −3 to 10 −7 /gene/generation. [20] [21] [22]
A circular chromosome is a chromosome in bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in the form of a molecule of circular DNA, unlike the linear chromosome of most eukaryotes. Most prokaryote chromosomes contain a circular DNA molecule. This has the major advantage of having no free ends to the DNA.
A diagram of DNA base pairing, demonstrating the basis for Chargaff's rules. Chargaff's rules (given by Erwin Chargaff) state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, as well as repairing some forms of DNA damage.