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The BigDecimal class in the standard library module bigdecimal has user definable precision. Scheme: R 5 RS encourages, and R 6 RS requires, that exact integers and exact rationals be of arbitrary precision. Scala: Class BigInt and Class BigDecimal. Seed7: bigInteger and bigRational. Self: arbitrary precision integers are supported by the built ...
Arbitrary precision arithmetic is also used to compute fundamental mathematical constants such as π to millions or more digits and to analyze the properties of the digit strings [8] or more generally to investigate the precise behaviour of functions such as the Riemann zeta function where certain questions are difficult to explore via ...
The actual sizes of short int, int, and long int are available as the constants short max int, max int, and long max int etc. ^b Commonly used for characters. ^c The ALGOL 68, C and C++ languages do not specify the exact width of the integer types short , int , long , and ( C99 , C++11 ) long long , so they are implementation-dependent.
[4] [5] GMP has a rich set of functions, and the functions have a regular interface. The basic interface is for C, but wrappers exist for other languages, including Ada, C++, C#, Julia, .NET, OCaml, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust. Prior to 2008, Kaffe, a Java virtual machine, used GMP to support Java built-in arbitrary precision ...
The maximum size of size_t is provided via SIZE_MAX, a macro constant which is defined in the <stdint.h> header (cstdint header in C++). size_t is guaranteed to be at least 16 bits wide. Additionally, POSIX includes ssize_t , which is a signed integer type of the same width as size_t .
«FUNCTION» LENGTH(string) or «FUNCTION» BYTE-LENGTH(string) number of characters and number of bytes, respectively COBOL: string length string: a decimal string giving the number of characters Tcl: ≢ string: APL: string.len() Number of bytes Rust [30] string.chars().count() Number of Unicode code points Rust [31]
An example is explicit optimization of a code path which is considered a bottleneck by the profiler. In the case of Common Lisp, this is possible by using an explicit declaration to type-annotate a variable to a machine-size word (fixnum) [15] and lower the type safety level to zero [16] for a particular code block. [17] [18] [19] [20]
The std::string class is the standard representation for a text string since C++98. The class provides some typical string operations like comparison, concatenation, find and replace, and a function for obtaining substrings. An std::string can be constructed from a C-style string, and a C-style string can also be obtained from one. [7]