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Most researchers believe that entanglement is necessary to realize quantum computing (although this is disputed by some). [101] Entanglement is used in some protocols of quantum cryptography, [39] [102] but to prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) under standard assumptions does not require entanglement. [103]
Craig argues that, though quantum indeterminism uproots the proposition that "every event has a cause", it is nonetheless consistent with the causal premise that "everything that begins to exist has a cause", denoting the more modest view that objects cannot come into existence entirely devoid of causal conditions.
In 1935, Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen in their EPR paper argued that quantum entanglement might indicate quantum mechanics is an incomplete description of reality. [1] [2] John Stewart Bell in 1964, in his eponymous theorem proved that correlations between particles under any local hidden variable theory must obey certain ...
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot.
Quantum mysticism, sometimes referred to pejoratively as quantum quackery or quantum woo, [1] is a set of metaphysical beliefs and associated practices that seek to ...
The first such result was introduced by Bell in 1964, building upon the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox, which had called attention to the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. Bell deduced that if measurements are performed independently on the two separated particles of an entangled pair, then the assumption that the outcomes depend upon ...
[37] [38] This led Aspect, together with his assistant Gérard Roger, and Jean Dalibard and Philippe Grangier (two young physics students at the time) to set up several increasingly complex experiments between 1980 and 1982 that further established quantum entanglement. Finally in 1998, the Geneva experiment tested the correlation between two ...
Quantum entanglement can be defined only within the formalism of quantum mechanics, i.e., it is a model-dependent property. In contrast, nonlocality refers to the impossibility of a description of observed statistics in terms of a local hidden variable model, so it is independent of the physical model used to describe the experiment.