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Wheat sheaves near King's Somborne.Here the individual sheaves have been put together into a stook ("stooked") to dry. A sheaf of grain on a plaque Sheafing machine. A sheaf (/ ʃ iː f /; pl.: sheaves) is a bunch of cereal-crop stems bound together after reaping, traditionally by sickle, later by scythe or, after its introduction in 1872, by a mechanical reaper-binder.
A farmer in India threshes grain by hand. An animal-powered thresher. Threshing or thrashing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain. [1]
As it was moved in circles over the harvest that was spread, the stone chips or blades cut the straw and the ear of wheat (which remained between the threshing board and the pebbles on the ground), thus separating the seed without damaging it. The threshed grain was then gathered and set to be cleaned by some means of winnowing.
Domesticated grains such as durum and common wheat have been bred to have chaff that is easily removed. These varieties are known as "free-threshing" or "naked". [6] [7] [8] Chaff should not be confused with bran, which is a finer, scaly material that is part of the grain itself.
The grain, either coming through the concave or the walkers, meets a set of sieves mounted on an assembly called a shoe, which is shaken mechanically. The top sieve has larger openings and serves to remove large pieces of chaff from the grain. The lower sieve separates clean grain, which falls through, from incompletely threshed pieces.
Wheat is a group of wild and domesticated grasses of the genus Triticum (/ ˈ t r ɪ t ɪ k ə m /). [3] They are cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known wheat species and hybrids include the most widely grown common wheat (T. aestivum), spelt, durum, emmer, einkorn, and Khorasan or Kamut.
German cradle scythe from a painting by Ernst Henseler (1852–1940) A grain cradle or cradle, is a modification to a standard scythe to keep the cut grain stems aligned. The cradle scythe has an additional arrangement of fingers attached to the snaith (snath or snathe) to catch the cut grain so that it can be cleanly laid down in a row with the grain heads aligned for collection and efficient ...
The grain is cleaned, sorted by the type of grain, its size and then peeled (if necessary) before being hulled. Additionally, the grains can be sliced on a "groat cutter", which can be adjusted to cut fine, medium, or coarse groats. Regardless, thereafter, the groats are freed from any adhering parts of the shell by a brushing machine.
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