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This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 12:16 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress.They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength.
The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: . Young's modulus E describes the material's strain response to uniaxial stress in the direction of this stress (like pulling on the ends of a wire or putting a weight on top of a column, with the wire getting longer and the column losing height),
Shear modulus: Ratio of shear stress to shear strain (MPa) Shear strength: Maximum shear stress a material can withstand; Slip: A tendency of a material's particles to undergo plastic deformation due to a dislocation motion within the material. Common in Crystals. Specific modulus: Modulus per unit volume (MPa/m^3)
The larger the shear modulus, the greater the ability for a material to resist shearing forces. Therefore, the shear modulus is a measure of rigidity. Shear modulus is related to bulk modulus as 3/G = 2B(1 − 2v)(1 + v), where v is the Poisson's ratio, which is typically ~0.1 in covalent materials. If a material contains highly directional ...
However, below a critical grain-size, hardness decreases with decreasing grain size. This is known as the inverse Hall-Petch effect. Hardness of a material to deformation is dependent on its microdurability or small-scale shear modulus in any direction, not to any rigidity or stiffness properties such as its bulk modulus or Young's modulus ...
Other names are sometimes employed for one or both parameters, depending on context. For example, the parameter μ is referred to in fluid dynamics as the dynamic viscosity of a fluid (not expressed in the same units); whereas in the context of elasticity, μ is called the shear modulus, [2]: p.333 and is sometimes denoted by G instead of μ.
A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels.