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In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. [ 1 ] Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state , or in chemical equilibrium with its environment.
An even number of protons or neutrons is more stable (higher binding energy) because of pairing effects, so even–even nuclides are much more stable than odd–odd. One effect is that there are few stable odd–odd nuclides: in fact only five are stable, with another four having half-lives longer than a billion years.
The thermal stability of an extended Si-Si bond in t Bu 3 SiSi t Bu 3, or superdisilane, has also been attributed to dispersion interactions. Superdisilane has a Si-Si bond length of 2.697Å in the solid state, significantly extended compared to the gas phase Si-Si bond length of 2.331Å in the parent disilane H 3 SiSiH 3 . [ 1 ]
HSAB is widely used in chemistry for explaining the stability of compounds, reaction mechanisms and pathways. It assigns the terms 'hard' or 'soft', and 'acid' or 'base' to chemical species . 'Hard' applies to species which are small, have high charge states (the charge criterion applies mainly to acids, to a lesser extent to bases), and are ...
In coordination chemistry, a stability constant (also called formation constant or binding constant) is an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution. It is a measure of the strength of the interaction between the reagents that come together to form the complex. There are two main kinds of complex: compounds formed by the ...
Clar's rule is widely applied in the fields of chemistry and materials science. For instance, Clar's rule can be used to predict several properties of graphene nanoribbons . [ 10 ] Aromatic π-sextets play an important part in the determination of the ground state of open shell biradical -type structures., [ 4 ] Clar's rule can rationalize the ...
In organic chemistry, ring strain is a type of instability that exists when bonds in a molecule form angles that are abnormal. Strain is most commonly discussed for small rings such as cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, whose internal angles are substantially smaller than the idealized value of approximately 109°.
It is widely believed that an island of stability exists along the beta-stability line for isotopes of elements around copernicium that are stabilized by shell closures in the region; such isotopes would decay primarily through alpha decay or spontaneous fission. [13] Beyond the island of stability, various models that correctly predict many ...