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The renal corpuscle is composed of two structures, the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. [3] The glomerulus is a small tuft of capillaries containing two cell types. Endothelial cells, which have large fenestrae, are not covered by diaphragms. Mesangial cells are modified smooth muscle
The glomerulus (pl.: glomeruli) is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. Each of the two kidneys contains about one million nephrons. The tuft is structurally supported by the mesangium (the space between the blood vessels), composed of intraglomerular mesangial cells.
The kidneys have two cells that help to maintain acid-base homeostasis: intercalated A and B cells. The intercalated A cells are stimulated when the body is experiencing acidic conditions. Under acidic conditions, the high concentration of CO 2 in the blood creates a gradient for CO 2 to move into the cell and push the reaction HCO 3 + H ↔ H ...
Outside the capsule, there are two poles: The vascular pole is the side with the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole. The tubular pole, is the side with the proximal convoluted tubule. Inside the capsule, the layers are as follows, from outside to inside: [citation needed] Parietal layer—A single layer of simple squamous epithelium ...
The unipapillary kidney with a single renal pyramid is the simplest type of kidney in mammals, from which the more structurally complex kidneys are believed to have evolved. [17] [6] [18] Differences in kidney structure are the result of adaptations during evolution to variations in body mass and habitats (in particular, aridity) between species.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (also known as the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron, the functional units of the kidney. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named because it is next to (juxta-[1]) the glomerulus. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of three types of cells:
A healthy adult has 1 to 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney. [ 1 ] : 22 Blood is filtered as it passes through three layers: the endothelial cells of the capillary wall, its basement membrane , and between the podocyte foot processes of the lining of the capsule.
The outer layer of each kidney is made up of a fibrous sheath called the renal capsule. The peripheral layer of the kidney is called the cortex and the inner part is called the medulla. The medulla consists of one or more pyramids, the bases of which start from corticomedullary border.