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These include ethos, pathos, and logos, all three of which appear in Aristotle's Rhetoric. [1] Together with those three modes of persuasion, there is also a fourth term called Kairos ( Ancient Greek : καιρός), which is related to the “moment” that the speech is going to be held. [ 2 ]
While Books I and II are more systematic and address ethos, logos, and pathos, Book III is often considered a conglomeration of Greek stylistic devices on rhetoric. However, Book III contains informative material on lexis (style) which refers to the "way of saying" [ 1 ] : III.1–12 and taxis , which refers to the arrangement of words. [ 1 ] :
Ethos is the appeal to ethics or integrity. Pathos is the appeal to emotions; Logos is the appeal to logic or reason [26] These techniques are a technical skill learned and utilized by visual communication designer's today, such as in the field of advertising. Each of these methods of appeal have the ability to influence their audience in ...
Greek spelling of logos. Logos (UK: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ ɒ s, ˈ l ɒ ɡ ɒ s /, US: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ oʊ s /; Ancient Greek: λόγος, romanized: lógos, lit. 'word, discourse, or reason') is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology and rhetoric, as well as religion (notably Christianity); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive ...
The original version includes only three points: the writer/speaker (ethos), the audience (pathos), and the message itself (logos). All the points affect one another, so mastering each creates a persuasive rhetorical stance. [9] The rhetorical tetrahedron carries those three points along with context. Context can help explain the "why" and "how ...
Aristotle also identified three persuasive audience appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. The five canons of rhetoric , or phases of developing a persuasive speech, were first codified in classical Rome: invention , arrangement , style , memory , and delivery .
For example, if a presidential candidate has a long history of philanthropy, he or she will invent an argument that demonstrates personal good character in order to convince the audience that he or she is the best candidate for office. Pathos represents an appeal to the audience's emotions. [10]
Examples are the satiric mode, the ironic, the comic, the pastoral, and the didactic. [ 2 ] Frederick Crews uses the term to mean a type of essay and categorizes essays as falling into four types, corresponding to four basic functions of prose: narration , or telling; description , or picturing; exposition , or explaining; and argument , or ...