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2. Experimental system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_system

   In scientific research, an experimental system is the physical, technical and procedural basis for an experiment or series of experiments. Historian of science Hans-Jörg Rheinberger defines an experimental system as: "A basic unit of experimental activity combining local, technical, instrumental, institutional, social, and epistemic aspects."

3. Mesocosm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocosm

   Diagram of a small form closed system mesocosm. Different components of a successful mesocosm . A mesocosm (meso-or 'medium' and -cosm 'world') is any outdoor experimental system that examines the natural environment under controlled conditions. In this way mesocosm studies provide a link between field surveys and highly controlled laboratory ...

4. PDF - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

   The PDF 1.4 specification allowed form submissions in XML format, but this was replaced by submissions in XFDF format in the PDF 1.5 specification. XFDF conforms to the XML standard. XFDF can be used in the same way as FDF; e.g., form data is submitted to a server, modifications are made, then sent back and the new form data is imported in an ...

5. Scientific theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory

   A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that can be or that has been repeatedly tested and has corroborating evidence in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.

6. Outline of science - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_science

   The following outline is provided as a topical overview of science; the discipline of science is defined as both the systematic effort of acquiring knowledge through observation, experimentation and reasoning, and the body of knowledge thus acquired, the word "science" derives from the Latin word scientia meaning knowledge.

7. Scientific method - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

   The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...

8. Experimentum crucis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentum_crucis

   In science, an experimentum crucis (English: crucial experiment or critical experiment) is an experiment capable of decisively determining whether or not a particular hypothesis or theory is superior to all other hypotheses or theories whose acceptance is currently widespread in the scientific community.

9. Holism in science - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holism_in_science

   The way of doing science, sometimes called "whole to parts", which focuses on observation of the specimen within its ecosystem first before breaking down to study any part of the specimen. [4] The idea that the scientist is not a passive observer of an external universe but rather a participant in the system. [5]