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Traditional silhouette animation as invented by Reiniger is subdivision of cutout animation (itself one of the many forms of stop motion).It utilizes figures cut out of paperboard, sometimes reinforced with thin metal sheets, and tied together at their joints with thread or wire (usually substituted by plastic or metal paper fasteners in contemporary productions) which are then moved frame-by ...
Lotte Reiniger was born in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin on 2 June 1899 to Carl Reiniger and Eleonore Lina Wilhelmine Rakette. [4] Here, she studied at Charlottenburger Waldschule, the first open-air school, where she learned the art of scherenschnitte, the German art of silhouette, inspired by the ancient Chinese art of paper cutting and silhouette puppetry. [5]
The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) by Lotte Reiniger is a silhouette animation using armatured cutouts with backgrounds that were variously painted or composed of blown sand and even soap. No. 12, also known as Heaven and Earth Magic by Harry Everett Smith, completed in 1962, utilizes cut-out illustrations culled from 19th century catalogs.
The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels, [61] which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. [62] The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one against a painted background by a rostrum camera onto motion picture film. [63]
By tracing an object, the filmmaker creates a silhouette (called a matte) that can be used to extract that object from a scene for use on a different background. While blue- and green-screen techniques have made the process of layering subjects in scenes easier, rotoscoping still plays a large role in the production of visual effects imagery.
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century. Since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable, celluloid was largely replaced by cellulose acetate.
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An example of computer animation which is produced from the "motion capture" techniqueComputer animation is the process used for digitally generating moving images. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both still images and moving images, while computer animation only refers to moving images.