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Any brand of combined oral contraceptive pills can be used in an extended or continuous manner by simply discarding the placebo pills; this is most commonly done with monophasic pills in which all of the pills in a package contain the same fixed dosing of a synthetic estrogen and a progestin in each active pill. [3]
Most people who use combined hormonal contraception experience breakthrough bleeding within the first 3 months. [15] Other common side effects include headaches, breast tenderness, and changes in mood. [16] Side effects from hormonal contraceptives typically disappear over time (3-5 months) with consistent use. [16]
Between 2015 and 2017, 64.9% of women ages 15–49 in the United States were using contraception, and of those 12.6% were using the oral contraceptive pill. [46] There are approximately 100 million users of combined oral contraceptives worldwide, with use being more common in Western Europe, Northern Europe, and the United States. [47]
Hormonal therapies to reduce or stop menstrual bleeding have long been used to manage a number of gynecologic conditions including menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular or other abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual-related mood changes (premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder), and pelvic pain due to endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
These combined oral contraceptive pills containing active hormones and a placebo/hormone-free period are called cyclic combined oral contraceptive pills. Once a pack of cyclical combined oral contraceptive pill treatment is completed, users start a new pack and new cycle.
Image credits: anon #8. I always had really painful, irregular periods. Was diagnosed with PCOS at 14, and had to fight for an endometriosis diagnosis for a decade.
The main division is between combined oral contraceptive pills, containing both estrogens and synthetic progestogens , and progestogen only pills. Combined oral contraceptive pills also come in varying types, including varying doses of estrogen, and whether the dose of estrogen or progestogen changes from week to week.
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB), or metrorrhagia, is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. [1] It may be associated with bleeding with sexual intercourse. [2] The term metrorrhagia, in which metro means measure and -rrhagia means abnormal flow, [3] is no longer recommended. [1]