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Two routers with an established session are called LDP peers and the exchange of information is bi-directional. LDP is used to build and maintain label-switched path (LSP) databases that are used to forward traffic through MPLS networks. LDP can be used to distribute the inner label (VC/VPN/service label) and outer label (path label) in MPLS.
The last router in an LSP, which pops the label from the packet, is called an egress router. Routers in between, which need only swap labels, are called transit routers or label switch routers (LSRs). Note that LSPs are unidirectional; they enable a packet to be label switched through the MPLS network from one endpoint to another.
Label Information Base (LIB) is the software table maintained by IP/MPLS capable routers to store the details of port and the corresponding MPLS router label to be popped/pushed on incoming/outgoing MPLS packets. Entries are populated from label-distribution protocols. LDP is a protocol that automatically generates and exchanges labels between ...
Label switching is a technique of network relaying to overcome the problems perceived by traditional IP-table switching (also known as traditional layer 3 hop-by-hop routing) [1]. Here, the switching of network packets occurs at a lower level , namely the data link layer rather than the traditional network layer .
The label edge routers at the edges of an MPLS cloud map between the end-to-end identifier, such as an IP address, and a link-local label. At each MPLS hop, there is a forwarding table that tells the label-switched router which outgoing interface is to receive the MPLS packet, and what label to use when sending the packet out that interface.
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However, if the packet is forwarded further, the Router Alert Label should be pushed back onto the label stack before forwarding. The use of this label is analogous to the use of the "Router Alert" option in IPv4 packets. Since this label cannot occur at the bottom of the stack, it is not associated with a particular network-layer protocol.
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