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An involution is non-defective, and each eigenvalue equals , so an involution diagonalizes to a signature matrix. A normal involution is Hermitian (complex) or symmetric (real) and also unitary (complex) or orthogonal (real). The determinant of an involutory matrix over any field is ±1. [4]
If A represents a linear involution, then x→A(x−b)+b is an affine involution. One can check that any affine involution in fact has this form. Geometrically this means that any affine involution can be obtained by taking oblique reflections against any number from 0 through n hyperplanes going through a point b.
Jeu de taquin can be used to define an operation on standard Young tableaux of any given shape, which turns out to be an involution, although this is not obvious from the definition. One starts by emptying the square in the top-left corner, turning the tableau into a skew tableau with one less square.
An involution is a function f : X → X that, when applied twice, brings one back to the starting point. In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function [1] is a function f that is its own inverse, f(f(x)) = x. for all x in the domain of f. [2] Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -U.S. unit labor costs grew far less than initially thought in the third quarter, pointing to a still favorable inflation outlook even though price increases have not ...
When the couple sent out their save-the-dates, however, "things came to a head," the bride wrote. Her in-laws suddenly asked if they would at least allow their two nieces to come to the wedding.
How To Make My 3-Ingredient Macaroons. For about 24 macaroons, you’ll need: 4 large egg whites. 1/2 cup (100 grams) granulated sugar. 1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract, optional
In this construction, A is an algebra with involution, meaning: A is an abelian group under + A has a product that is left and right distributive over + A has an involution *, with (x*)* = x, (x + y)* = x* + y*, (xy)* = y*x*. The algebra B = A ⊕ A produced by the Cayley–Dickson construction is also an algebra with involution.