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Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
The most common aetiology of acute otitis externa is bacterial infection, [5] while chronic cases are often associated with underlying skin diseases such as eczema or psoriasis. [6] A third form, malignant otitis externa, or necrotising otitis externa, is a potentially life-threatening, invasive infection of the external auditory canal and ...
The most common colonization site in the human body is within the nasal cavity and from here, the bacteria can cause infections. [42] [43] S. pseudintermedius infections in a human host have been known to cause endocarditis, post-surgical infections, inflammation of the nasal cavity (rhinosinusitis) and catheter-related bacteremia. [6]
S. pneumoniae (sometimes called pneumococcus), is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia and the occasional etiology of otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, and peritonitis. Inflammation is thought to be the major cause of how pneumococci cause disease, hence the tendency of diagnoses associated with them to involve inflammation.
Osteomyelitis, or bone infection, is a rare occurrence but has been seen in patients who were diagnosed to have a S. pneumoniae infection that went untreated for too long. [31] Sepsis is caused by overwhelming response to an infection and leads to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death. The symptoms include confusion, shortness of breath ...
M. abscessus can cause skin infections in immunodeficient patients, patients who have recently undergone surgery, tattooing, or acupuncture, or after exposure to hot springs or spas. [7] It can be associated with middle-ear infections (otitis media). [11] The incidence of M. abscessus infections appears to be increasing over time.
Alloiococcus is a genus of Gram-positive and nonmotile bacteria from the family of Carnobacteriaceae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Only one species of this genus is known ( Alloiococcus otitis ). [ 1 ] [ 3 ]
Clinical infections due to these organisms are rare. The common causes are related to the genitourinary tract and urinary tract obstruction. [4] Oligella spp. have also been detected in the ear canal and middle ear of people with chronic otitis media, [5] [6] however the clinical relevance of these species for otitis media is poorly understood.