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  2. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    For example, reverse :: List a -> List a, which reverses a list, is a natural transformation, as is flattenInorder :: Tree a -> List a, which flattens a tree from left to right, and even sortBy :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> List a -> List a, which sorts a list based on a provided comparison function.

  3. Comma-separated values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values

    Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record.

  4. Immutable object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immutable_object

    The method toLowerCase() does not change the data "ABC" that s contains. Instead, a new String object is instantiated and given the data "abc" during its construction. A reference to this String object is returned by the toLowerCase() method. To make the String s contain the data "abc", a different approach is needed:

  5. Primitive data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_data_type

    Integer addition, for example, can be performed as a single machine instruction, and some offer specific instructions to process sequences of characters with a single instruction. [7] But the choice of primitive data type may affect performance, for example it is faster using SIMD operations and data types to operate on an array of floats.

  6. Foreach loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreach_loop

    In Raku, a sister language to Perl, for must be used to traverse elements of a list (foreach is not allowed). The expression which denotes the collection to loop over is evaluated in list-context, but not flattened by default, and each item of the resulting list is, in turn, aliased to the loop variable(s). List literal example:

  7. Object REXX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_REXX

    Object REXX is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, object-oriented (class-based) programming language.Today it is generally referred to as ooRexx (short for “Open Object Rexx”), which is the maintained and direct open-source successor to Object REXX.

  8. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    In PHP and R, all arrays can be associative, except that the keys are limited to integers and strings. In JavaScript (see also JSON), all objects behave as associative arrays with string-valued keys, while the Map and WeakMap types take arbitrary objects as keys. In Lua, they are used as the primitive building block for all data structures.

  9. Linked list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_list

    One may also use a sentinel node at the end of the list, with an appropriate data field, to eliminate some end-of-list tests. For example, when scanning the list looking for a node with a given value x, setting the sentinel's data field to x makes it unnecessary to test for end-of-list inside the loop. Another example is the merging two sorted ...