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The Linux kernel is a free and open source, [11]: 4 Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free replacement for Unix .
Under Unix, from a programming standpoint, the distinction between the two is fairly thin; the kernel is a program, running in supervisor mode, [c] that acts as a program loader and supervisor for the small utility programs making up the rest of the system, and to provide locking and I/O services for these programs; beyond that, the kernel didn ...
The Linux API is composed out of the system call interface of the Linux kernel, the GNU C Library (by GNU), libcgroup, [1] libdrm, libalsa and libevdev [2] (by freedesktop.org). Linux API vs. POSIX API. The Linux API includes the kernel–user space API, which allows code in user space to access system resources and services of the Linux kernel ...
Multiserver Microkernel (Hurd kernel) or Monolithic (Linux-libre kernel, fork of Linux kernel, and other kernels which are not part of the GNU Project) C: 1:1 Unix-like: 2.4 on Linux-libre kernel (not on Hurd kernel) Linux: ReactOS: GPL, LGPL Hybrid C, C++ Windows-like: No RISC OS: Apache 2.0 Monolithic (with cooperative multitasking) ARM ...
GNU Hurd is a collection of microkernel servers written as part of GNU, for the GNU Mach microkernel. It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation, designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel, [4] and released as free software under the GNU General Public License.
The portability section of the Linux kernel article contains information and references to technical details. Note that further components like a windowing system, or programs like Blender, can be present or absent. Fundamentally any software has to be ported, i.e. specifically adapted, to any kind of hardware it is supposed to be executed on.
FreeBSD is a free-software Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). The first version was released in 1993 developed from 386BSD [3] —the first fully functional and free Unix clone—and has since continuously been the most commonly used BSD-derived operating system.
Unix systems use a centralized operating system kernel which manages system and process activities. All non-kernel software is organized into separate, kernel-managed processes. Unix systems are preemptively multitasking : multiple processes can run at the same time, or within small time slices and nearly at the same time, and any process can ...