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Side effects of methenamine are generally minor and include upset stomach, nausea, and headache, among others. [ 3 ] [ 19 ] [ 7 ] Methenamine is a prodrug of formaldehyde in acidic urine . [ 3 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Formaldehyde is a non-specific antiseptic and bactericide which works via denaturation of bacterial proteins and nucleic acids .
Some drugs, such as sulfonamides, may form crystals when excreted in the urine, and ammonium biurate crystals commonly occur in aged samples. [ 124 ] The presence of crystals in the urine has conventionally been associated with the formation of kidney stones , and crystalluria is more common in people with kidney stones than those without.
Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel.
Antibiotic sensitivity can also be tested with these cultures, making them useful in the selection of antibiotic treatment. However, women with negative cultures may still improve with antibiotic treatment. [4] As symptoms can be vague and without reliable tests for urinary tract infections, diagnosis can be difficult in the elderly. [11]
The most common side effects of nitrofurantoin are nausea, headache, and flatulence. Less common adverse events (occurring in less than 1% of those taking the drug) include: [9] Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, constipation, emesis; Neurologic: dizziness, drowsiness, amblyopia; Respiratory: acute pulmonary hypersensitivity ...
Crystalluria refers to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test. Crystalluria is considered often as a benign condition and as one of the side effects of sulfonamides and penicillins. The main reason for the identification of urinary crystals is to detect the presence of the relatively few abnormal types that may represent a ...
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Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. [1] Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea. [1] With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS. [1] [2] It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth). [1]