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Damascus (/ d ə ˈ m æ s k ə s / də-MAS-kəs, UK also / d ə ˈ m ɑː s k ə s / də-MAH-skəs; Arabic: دِمَشْق, romanized: Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.
The Citadel of Damascus is located in the northwest corner of the Old City. The Damascus Straight Street (referred to in the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9:11), also known as the Via Recta, was the decumanus (east–west main street) of Roman Damascus, and extended for over 1,500 m (4,900 ft). Today, it consists of the street of Bab Sharqi ...
The 1920 capture of Damascus was the final stage of the Franco-Syrian War, when French forces captured Damascus with little resistance.The Arab Kingdom of Syria was brought to an end and the French mandate of Syria was put into effect.
Damascus was given to Janbirdi al-Ghazali, a Mamluk who had submitted to Selim I. When Selim I died in 1520, al-Ghazali revolted and took the citadel. He marched upon Aleppo to expand his realm, but had to retreat and was eventually defeated and killed in the vicinity of Damascus in 1521. Damascus again changed hands, to the Ottomans. [36]
613 – Sasanian captured Damascus during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628; 634 – Arab conquest of Damascus under Khalid ibn al-Walid. [1]715 – Great Mosque built by Al-Walid I by converting the church of St John the Baptist constructed by Arcadius.
Administratively, Damascus Governorate, one of Syria's 14 governorates, is divided into 16 municipalities (Arabic: بلدية, romanized: baladiyah).Every municipal district is managed by an elected mayor, which in turn is divided into 95 districts (Arabic: الحي hayy), [1] each headed by a mayor, and they all participate in the election of the Damascus city council. [2]
The siege of Damascus (634) lasted from 21 August to 19 September 634 [2] before the city fell to the Rashidun Caliphate. Damascus was the first major city of the Eastern Roman Empire to fall in the Muslim conquest of Syria .
It comprised the States of Aleppo, Damascus, and of the Alawites, [4] spanning an area of 119,000 to 120,000 km 2. [5] It was officially dissolved by decree of 5 December 1924 "which received its application starting on 1 January 1925".