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Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose. It can be a form of either topical administration or systemic administration , as the drugs thus locally delivered can go on to have either purely local or systemic effects.
The effects of inhalants range from an alcohol-like intoxication and intense euphoria to vivid hallucinations, depending on the substance and the dosage. Some inhalant users are injured due to the harmful effects of the solvents or gases, or due to other chemicals used in the products inhaled.
Benzodiazepine abuse is mostly limited to individuals who abuse other drugs, i.e. poly-drug abusers. Most prescribed users do not abuse their medication, however, some high dose prescribed users do become involved with the illicit drug scene. Abuse of benzodiazepines occurs in a wide age range of people and includes teenagers and the old.
Opioids, such as fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone, are used to treat post-surgery pain and chronic pain. [6] Opioids work by affecting the brain cells and reducing the perception of pain. [7] Other side effects include euphoria, mood changes, and the clouding or complete loss of consciousness. [8]
Prolonged use of morphine leads to morphine dependence, and people with morphine dependence experience withdrawal when the amount of morphine is reduced or stopped completely. [7] Due to the difference in lipophilicity and mode of release between opioid analgesics, the severity, and duration of withdrawal symptoms may differ.
The heroin and opioid abuse epidemic is hitting America hard with heroin use more than doubling in the past decade among young adults, according to the CDC. While the dire statistics tell the ...
America’s opioid epidemic is fueling a startling increase in cocaine-related overdose deaths in recent years, as users mix deadly cocktails. As the opioid epidemic evolves, impacts bleed into ...
Speedball, powerball, or over and under [1] is the polydrug mixture of a stimulant with a depressant, usually an opioid. The most well-known mixture used for recreational drug use is that of cocaine and heroin; however, amphetamines can also be mixed with morphine and/or fentanyl. A speedball may be taken intravenously or by nasal insufflation. [2]