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The Provisional Government (Dutch: Voorlopig Bewind; French: Gouvernement provisoire) was the first iteration of the Belgian state, formed in the midst of the Belgian Revolution. After Dutch forces were expelled from Brussels on 27 September 1830, the recently-created Revolutionary Committee transformed into the Provisional Government.
Alexandre Gendebien (leftmost) as member of the Provisional Government of Belgium, 1830. Alexandre Joseph Célestin Gendebien (Mons, 4 May 1789 – Brussels, 6 December 1869) was a lawyer in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and later Belgium, where he also became minister of Justice.
On 22 April 1831, Leopold was approached by a Belgian delegation at Marlborough House to officially offer him the throne. [19] At first reluctant to accept, [ 20 ] he eventually took up the offer, and after an enthusiastic popular welcome on his way to Brussels , [ 21 ] Leopold I of Belgium took his oath as king on 21 July 1831.
2–12 August – Ten Days' Campaign – Dutch attempt to re-establish rule over Belgium fails, but Dutch forces retain control of Antwerp Citadel. 8 August – Battle of Hasselt; 12 August – Battle of Leuven; 29 August – Belgian general election, 1831, first elections for the Belgian Parliament
Étienne Constantin, Baron de Gerlache (French pronunciation: [etjɛn kɔ̃stɑ̃tɛ̃ baʁɔ̃ də ʒɛʁlaʃ]; 26 December 1785 – 10 February 1871) was a lawyer and politician in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and later became in 1831 the first prime minister of the newly founded Belgian state.
At the moment of the Belgian insurrection on 16 November 1830, he joined the revolutionary forces, and was given the rank of colonel by the provisional government. He went into politics in the newly independent Belgium, where he became Minister for Foreign Affairs (de facto prime minister) between 1832 and 1834.
The regent Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier asked him to form independent Belgium's second government. Sauvage asked Joseph Lebeau to form this government, going against the wishes of the Francophile regent (Lebeau had become known for fighting against Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours ' candidature in the National Congress of Belgium ).
The Provisional Government of Belgium, led by Charles Rogier, was formed on 24 September and Belgian independence was officially proclaimed on 4 October while work began on creating a constitution. In December, international governments at the Conference of London recognized the independence of Belgium and guaranteed its neutrality . [ 26 ]