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The Society of American Indians (1911–1923) was the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for American Indians. [1] The Society pioneered twentieth century Pan-Indianism , the movement promoting unity among American Indians regardless of tribal affiliation.
Later renamed the Society of American Indians it was created to fight against restrictive governmental policies against Native Americans. [3] [4] At that time, Native Americans were pushed out of tribal territories, having to manage "unrelenting waves of immigration, settlement and urbanizations, [and] technological change," according to Marti ...
The Meriam Report was the first general study of Indian conditions since the 1850s, when the ethnologist and former US Indian Agent Henry R. Schoolcraft had completed a six-volume work for the US Congress. The Meriam Report provided much of the data used to reform American Indian policy through new legislation: the Indian Reorganization Act of ...
The first modern Native pan-tribal organization, the Society of American Indians, formed in 1911 by young boarding school graduates, put citizenship at the top of its agenda. This was followed by ...
Whether a tribe actually had a decision-making structure capable of making a treaty was a controversial issue. The national policy was for the Indians to join American society and become "civilized", which meant no more wars with neighboring tribes or raids on white settlers or travelers, and a shift from hunting to farming and ranching.
Once their territories were incorporated into the United States, surviving Native Americans were denied equality before the law and often treated as wards of the state. [35] Many Native Americans were moved to reservations—constituting 4% of U.S. territory. In a number of cases, treaties signed with Native Americans were violated.
Sloan has a history of activism dating back to his teenage years. In 1911, he helped found the Society of American Indians. [1] In addition, he established the first Indian-owned law office in Washington D.C. in 1912. Sloan was an activist for the citizenship of all Native Americans. [1]
Indian termination describes United States policies relating to Native Americans from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s. [1] It was shaped by a series of laws and practices with the intent of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society.