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Differences between plant and animal physiology and reproduction cause minor differences in how they evolve. One major difference is the totipotent nature of plant cells, allowing them to reproduce asexually much more easily than most animals.
Above the species level, plant lineages clearly vary in their tendency for annuality or perenniality (e.g., wheat vs. oaks). On a microevolutionary timescale, a single plant species may show different annual or perennial ecotypes (e.g., adapted to dry or tropical range), as in the case of the wild progenitor of rice (Oryza rufipogon).
Land plants evolved from a group of freshwater green algae, perhaps as early as 850 mya, [3] but algae-like plants might have evolved as early as 1 billion years ago. [2] The closest living relatives of land plants are the charophytes, specifically Charales; if modern Charales are similar to the distant ancestors they share with land plants, this means that the land plants evolved from a ...
Well, annuals live for one year, so you plant them (big surprise!) annually. Perennials live for many years, if they have the right conditions, so you only need to plant them once.
End Triassic: 200 million years ago, 80% of species lost, including all conodonts; End Cretaceous: 66 million years ago, 76% of species lost, including all ammonites, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, and nonavian dinosaurs; Smaller extinction events have occurred in the periods between, with some dividing geologic time periods and
Plants constantly produce new tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems [36] located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Thus, a living plant always has embryonic tissues. By contrast, an animal embryo will very early produce all of the body parts that it will ever have in its life. When the animal is born (or ...
When the animal is born (or hatches from its egg), it has all its body parts and from that point will only grow larger and more mature. However, both plants and animals pass through a phylotypic stage that evolved independently [2] and that causes a developmental constraint limiting morphological diversification. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Sphenophyllum was a slender climbing plant with whorls of leaves, which was probably related both to the calamites and the modern horsetails. Cordaites, a tall plant (6 to over 30 meters) with strap-like leaves, was related to the cycads and conifers; the catkin-like inflorescence, which bore yew-like berries, is called Cardiocarpus. These ...