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The Grand Calumet River is a 13.0-mile-long (20.9 km) [3] river that flows primarily into Lake Michigan. Originating in Miller Beach in Gary , it flows through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond , as well as Calumet City and Burnham on the Illinois side.
The Calumet River, on the south side of Chicago, originally simply drained Lake Calumet to Lake Michigan. A canal extending it, legendarily claimed to have been created by voyageurs at the site of a frequent portage, was dug connecting the two Calumet Rivers at the point where the name now changes from Grand to Little.
The name Calumet is said to come from French interpretations of either the Potawatomi name for the rivers and lake in question (“low body of deep, still water”) [8] or is a corruption of the Old French term Chalemel, which means "reed". The word appears on early maps as Cal-La-Mick, Kil-La-Mick, Calumic, etc. [1]
The location of the new lock and dam 7 miles (11 km) upstream from the old controlling works at Blue Island was chosen to improve the ability to control backflow events into the lake during heavy storms from the polluting industries along the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River and the outfall of the Calumet Water Reclamation Plant. [5]
The middle of the three Grand Calumet Lagoons in Miller Beach. The lagoons mark the former mouth and modern-day headwaters of the Grand Calumet River. [74] This varied landscape of dunes and wetlands is the legacy of fluctuations in Lake Michigan and the Grand Calumet River since the last ice age.
Beyond its industrial rim, the neighborhood is bounded by the Grand Calumet River and Hammond's Hessville neighborhood to the south, Southside to the west, Indiana Harbor to the north, and the Gary-Chicago Airport to the east. Notable local attractions include Riley Park, one of the city's largest parks.
In 1861, the Lake Calumet region was mapped into Hyde Park Township, south of what was then the town of Chicago. In the 1880s, because the lake's Calumet River created shipping opportunities to connect into Lake Michigan, the swampy zone was rapidly filled and developed by industry. Hyde Park Township developed rapidly and was annexed into ...
In 1903, work began on a canal that would eventually linking the Indiana Harbor inland to both the Grand Calumet River and Lake George. Over the next several years, many industries were established there. [4] In 1914, the federal government assumed responsibility for Indiana Harbor and the canal.