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2. Stanhope lens - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhope_lens

   Stanhope lens with case, early 1800s. A Stanhope lens is a simple, one-piece microscope invented by Charles, the third Earl of Stanhope. It is a cylinder of glass with each end curved outwards, one being more convex than the other. The focal length of the apparatus is at or within the device so that objects to be studied are placed close to or ...

3. Magnification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification

   A magnifying glass, which uses a positive (convex) lens to make things look bigger by allowing the user to hold them closer to their eye. A telescope , which uses its large objective lens or primary mirror to create an image of a distant object and then allows the user to examine the image closely with a smaller eyepiece lens, thus making the ...

4. Magnifying glass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnifying_glass

   The object will then typically also be close to the lens. The magnifying power obtained in this condition is MP 0 = (0.25 m)Φ + 1, where Φ is the optical power in dioptres, and the factor of 0.25 m represents the assumed near point (¼ m from the eye). This value of the magnifying power is the one normally used to characterize magnifiers.

5. Stanhope (optical bijou) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhope_(optical_bijou)

   The modified Stanhope lens was small enough to be mounted in all manner of miniature artifacts such as rings, ivory miniatures, wooden toys etc. [1] Dagron also designed a special microphotographic camera which could produce 450 exposures approximately 2 by 2 millimetres (0.079 in × 0.079 in) on a 4.5-by-8.5-centimetre (1.8 in × 3.3 in) wet ...

6. Optical instrument - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_instrument

   Vertometer which is used to determine refractive power of lenses such as glasses, contact lenses and magnifier lens DNA sequencers can be considered optical instruments, as they analyse the color and intensity of the light emitted by a fluorochrome attached to a specific nucleotide of a DNA strand.

7. Coddington magnifier - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coddington_magnifier

   A Coddington magnifier is a magnifying glass consisting of a single very thick lens with a central deep groove diaphragm at the equator, thus limiting the rays to those close to the axis, which minimizes spherical aberration. This allows for greater magnification than a conventional magnifying glass, typically 10× up to 20×. Most single lens ...