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Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure. As a result, the energy of activation decreases, enhancing the rate of the overall reaction. According to the captodative effect, the rate of a reaction is the greatest when both the EDG and EWG are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure. [7]
An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
An electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is a group or atom that has the ability to draw electron density toward itself and away from other adjacent atoms. [1] This electron density transfer is often achieved by resonance or inductive effects.
The EWG withdraws electron density by resonance and effectively stabilizes the negative charge that is generated. The corresponding plot will show a positive rho value. In the case of a nucleophilic acyl substitution the effect of the substituent, X, of the non-leaving group can in fact accelerate the rate of the nucleophilic addition reaction ...
An electric effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of a molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. [1] In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule.
EDG may refer to: Science and medicine. Electron donating group, a category in chemistry; Electrodermograph, a measuring device for skin;
You may be familiar with the Environmental Working Group (EWG) because they release a list of the most pesticide-filled produce every year called The Dirty Dozen. They also establish the produce ...
Though butadienes are typically more stable in the s-trans conformation, for most cases energy difference is small (~2–5 kcal/mol). [ 26 ] A bulky substituent at the C2 or C3 position can increase reaction rate by destabilizing the s- trans conformation and forcing the diene into the reactive s- cis conformation. 2- tert -butyl-buta-1,3-diene ...