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Yet more differences manifest themselves in the behavior of other lexically scoped constructs, such as return, break and continue statements. Such constructs can, in general, be considered in terms of invoking an escape continuation established by an enclosing control statement (in case of break and continue , such interpretation requires ...
Statement separator – demarcates the boundary between two statements; need needed for the last statement; Line continuation – escapes a newline to continue a statement on the next line; Some languages define a special character as a terminator while some, called line-oriented, rely on the newline.
Sometimes within the body of a loop there is a desire to skip the remainder of the loop body and continue with the next iteration of the loop. Some languages provide a statement such as continue (most languages), skip, [8] cycle (Fortran), or next (Perl and Ruby), which will do this. The effect is to prematurely terminate the innermost loop ...
The loop counter is used to decide when the loop should terminate and for the program flow to continue to the next instruction after the loop. A common identifier naming convention is for the loop counter to use the variable names i , j , and k (and so on if needed), where i would be the most outer loop, j the next inner loop, etc.
For example, a break statement would allow termination of an infinite loop. Some languages may use a different naming convention for this type of loop. For example, the Pascal and Lua languages have a " repeat until " loop, which continues to run until the control expression is true and then terminates.
a continue not contained within a nested iteration statement is the same as goto cont. The break statement is used to end a for loop, while loop, do loop, or switch statement. Control passes to the statement following the terminated statement. A function returns to its caller by the return statement.
Thus the loop will always result in x = 2 and will never break. This could be fixed by moving the x = 1 instruction outside the loop so that its initial value is set only once. In some languages, programmer confusion about mathematical symbols may lead to an unintentional infinite loop. For example, here is a snippet in C:
If you want to be transparent to break and continue, you can replace them by an explicit goto to a labelled statement after end of loop or switch (for break) or before end of loop (for continue) (and for code clarity, the label should include "break_" or "continue_" in its name, the goto being also always downward in a switch or do/while or for ...