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Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odour is present. [1] It can result in anxiety among those affected. [1] It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. [1] The concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases. [2]
Nerve damage can be a cause of oral dryness. An injury to the face or surgery can cause nerve damage to the head and neck area which can effect the nerves that are associated with the salivary flow. [20] Xerostomia may be a consequence of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a rare cause of salivary gland dysfunction may be sarcoidosis. [8]
Breathing through the mouth decreases saliva flow. Saliva has minerals to help neutralize bacteria, clean off the teeth, and rehydrate the tissues. Without it, the risk of gum disease and cavities increases. [27] Chronic mouth breathing in children may affect dental and facial growth. [19]
A saliva analysis can provide genomic information. “Often, depression is first treated at the primary care level. If a person does not respond to that treatment, they are referred to a ...
It may cause depressed patients to be noncompliant in their treatment, and the effects of certain substances can worsen the effects of depression. Other psychiatric disorders that may predict treatment-resistant depression include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , [ 7 ] personality disorders , obsessive compulsive disorder , and eating ...
If a cause can be identified for a burning sensation in the mouth, then treatment of this underlying factor is recommended. If symptom persist despite treatment a diagnosis of BMS is confirmed. [11] BMS has been traditionally treated by reassurance and with antidepressants, anxiolytics or anticonvulsants.
Xerostomia, or a decrease in saliva flow, can be a side effect of many drugs, which, in turn, can lead to the development of taste disturbances such as dysgeusia. [39] Patients can lessen the effects of xerostomia with breath mints, sugarless gum, or lozenges; or physicians can increase saliva flow with artificial saliva or oral pilocarpine. [39]
Vagus nerve stimulation therapy improved the symptoms of treatment-resistant depression for nearly 500 participants in a major clinical trial. ... “I tell Dr. Conway all the time, this was a ...