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Nitric acid, with a pK value of around −1.7, behaves as a strong acid in aqueous solutions with a pH greater than 1. [23] At lower pH values it behaves as a weak acid. pK a values for strong acids have been estimated by theoretical means. [24] For example, the pK a value of aqueous HCl has been estimated as −9.3.
Any acid with a value which is less than about -2 behaves as a strong acid. This results from the very high buffer capacity of solutions with a pH value of 1 or less and is known as the leveling effect. [3] The following are strong acids in aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide solution.
Hydrobromic acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide.It is a strong acid formed by dissolving the diatomic molecule hydrogen bromide (HBr) in water. "Constant boiling" hydrobromic acid is an aqueous solution that distills at 124.3 °C (255.7 °F) and contains 47.6% HBr by mass, which is 8.77 mol/L. Hydrobromic acid is one of the strongest mineral acids known.
Sulfonic acids are strong acids. They are commonly cited as being around a million times stronger than the corresponding carboxylic acid. For example, p-Toluenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid have pK a values of −2.8 and −1.9, respectively, while those of benzoic acid and acetic acid are 4.20 and 4.76, respectively.
Hypophosphorous acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H 3 PO 2. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane and alcohols.
Trifluoroacetic acid is a strong acid. [12] TFA is harmful when inhaled, causes severe skin burns and is toxic for aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. Skin burns are severe, heal poorly and can be necrotic. Vapour fumes have an LC 50 of 10.01 mg/L, tested on rats over 4 hours.
Since ca. 2000 methanesulfonic acid has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications, because it: is a strong acid, has a low vapor pressure (see boiling points in the "Properties" inset), is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids. is a liquid at room temperature,
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution , which is a colourless, odourless, and non- volatile syrupy liquid.