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Existing Eiffel software uses the string classes (such as STRING_8) from the Eiffel libraries, but Eiffel software written for .NET must use the .NET string class (System.String) in many cases, for example when calling .NET methods which expect items of the .NET type to be passed as arguments. So, the conversion of these types back and forth ...
While we could also convert myObject to a compile-time String using the universal java.lang.Object.toString(), this would risk calling the default implementation of toString() where it was unhelpful or insecure, and exception handling could not prevent this. In C++, run-time type checking is implemented through dynamic_cast.
The reinterpret cast technique from C/C++ also works in Pascal. This can be useful, when eg. reading dwords from a byte stream, and we want to treat them as float. Here is a working example, where we reinterpret-cast a dword to a float:
Some features of C++ that promote more type-safe code: The new operator returns a pointer of type based on operand, whereas malloc returns a void pointer. C++ code can use virtual functions and templates to achieve polymorphism without void pointers. Safer casting operators, such as dynamic cast that performs run-time type checking.
The dynamic_cast operator in C++ is used for downcasting a reference or pointer to a more specific type in the class hierarchy. Unlike the static_cast, the target of the dynamic_cast must be a pointer or reference to class. Unlike static_cast and C-style typecast
Although static_cast conversions are checked at compile time to prevent obvious incompatibilities, no run-time type checking is performed that would prevent a cast between incompatible data types, such as pointers. A static_cast from a pointer to a class B to a pointer to a derived class D is ill-formed if B is an inaccessible or ambiguous base ...
The actual sizes of short int, int, and long int are available as the constants short max int, max int, and long max int etc. ^b Commonly used for characters. ^c The ALGOL 68, C and C++ languages do not specify the exact width of the integer types short , int , long , and ( C99 , C++11 ) long long , so they are implementation-dependent.
The expression ((Integer) 42). toString will convert an integer literal to string in Java while 42. ToString performs the same operation in C#. This is because the latter one is an instance call on the primitive value 42, while the former one is an instance call on an object of type java.lang.Integer.