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Persecution of Taoists in China eventually stopped in 1979, and many Taoists began reviving their traditions. [49] Subsequently, many temples and monasteries have been repaired and reopened, but the destruction of cultural revolution was substantial.
Taoism began to recover during the reform and opening up period (beginning in 1979) during which mainland China experienced increased religious freedom. [117] This led to the restoration of many temples and communities, the publishing of Taoist literature and the preservation of Taoist material culture. [118]
The first group consciously identifying itself as "Taoist" (Dàojiào) appeared and began to collect texts during the fifth century CE. [7] Their collection of Taoist texts did not initially include classics typically considered to be "Taoist" like the Tao Te Ching and the Zhuangzi. Only after a later expansion of the canon did these texts ...
In Taoism, an absolute entity which is the source of the universe; the way in which this absolute entity functions. 1. b. = Taoism, taoist. 2. In Confucianism and in extended uses, the way to be followed, the right conduct; doctrine or method. The earliest recorded usages were Tao (1736), Tau (1747), Taou (1831), and Dao (1971).
While Confucianism was the ideology of the law, the institutions and the ruling class, Taoism was the worldview of the radical intellectuals and it was also compatible with the spiritual beliefs of the peasants and the artisans. The two, although opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum, jointly created the Chinese "image of the world". [4]
A daoshi (Chinese: 道士; pinyin: Dàoshi; Wade–Giles: tao 4 shih 1; lit. 'scholar of the Tao') or Taoshih, translated as Taoist priest, Taoist monk, or Taoist professional is a priest in Taoism. The courtesy title of a senior daoshi is daozhang ( 道長 , meaning "Tao master"), and a highly accomplished and revered daoshi is often called a ...
The Tao Te Ching [note 1] (traditional Chinese: 道德經; simplified Chinese: 道德经) or Laozi is a Chinese classic text and foundational work of Taoism traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship and date of composition and compilation are debated. [7] The oldest excavated portion dates to the late 4th century BC ...
At least at the start of the dynasty, Taoist literature was quite popular among groups of the intelligentsia. These writings on Taoism were predominantly from a Confucian perspective. However, there was a growing opposition from the Yi dynasty [ 1 ] and Confucian political factions against Taoism, and Taoism began to be perceived as "heretical".