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A normal centenarian brain, cut in the coronal plane (top left) is compared to a brain with LATE-NC (top right). The hippocampi on both sides are atrophic (shrunken) in the brain with LATE-NC. The bottom 3 panels show photomicrographs of a hippocampus with LATE-NC, stained for phosphorylated TDP-43 protein (TDP-43).
In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; [6] short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation , encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Hippocampus anatomy describes the physical aspects and properties of the hippocampus, a neural structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It has a distinctive, curved shape that has been likened to the sea-horse monster of Greek mythology and the ram's horns of Amun in Egyptian mythology .
Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common brain abnormality in those with temporal lobe epilepsy. [16] Hippocampal sclerosis may occur in children under 2 years of age with 1 instance seen as early as 6 months. [17] About 70% of those evaluated for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery have hippocampal sclerosis.
The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus [1]) is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. It has been involved in some cases of hippocampal sclerosis. [2] Asymmetry has been observed in schizophrenia. [3]
Signs and symptoms [ edit ] The most frequently observed problems related to a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are headaches and seizures , cranial nerve afflictions including pinched nerve and palsy , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] backaches, neckaches, and nausea from coagulated blood that has made its way down to be dissolved in the cerebrospinal fluid .
Middle cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the lateral aspects of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, the corona radiata, globus pallidus, caudate and putamen.
The most frequent presenting signs and symptoms of primary CNS vasculitis were focal neurological defecits (seen in 63% of cases), headaches (51%) and cognitive impairment (41%). [4] Other presenting symptoms include aphasia or other difficulties with speech (35-43%), ataxia , visual field deficits, acute or subacute encephalopathy (which may ...