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Cephems are a sub-group of β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and cephamycins. [1] It is one of the most common 4-membered ring heterocycle. [ 2 ] Produced by actinomycetes, cephamycins were found to display antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including those resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins. [ 3 ]
Structure of the classical cephalosporins. The cephalosporins (sg. / ˌ s ɛ f ə l ə ˈ s p ɔːr ɪ n, ˌ k ɛ-,-l oʊ-/ [1] [2]) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium. [3] Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics ...
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Cephalosporins are a broad class of bactericidal antibiotics that include the β-lactam ring and share a structural similarity and mechanism of action with other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, carbapenems and monobactams). [1] The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting essential steps in ...
Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline and cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [2] Specifically it is used to treat cellulitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, joint infection, and biliary tract infections. [2]
Cefepime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and has been used to treat bacteria responsible for causing pneumonia and infections of the skin and urinary tract. Some of these bacteria include Pseudomonas , Escherichia , and Streptococcus species.
Cefalotin / ˌ s ɛ f ə ˈ l oʊ t ɪ n / or cephalothin / ˌ s ɛ f ə ˈ l oʊ θ ɪ n / is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad spectrum antibiotic activity. [1] [2] It was the first cephalosporin marketed (1964) and continues to be widely used. [3]
Cefpodoxime is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic available in various generic preparations. It is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms with notable exceptions including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis.