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  2. Timeline of computer viruses and worms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computer...

    Mark Washburn, working on an analysis of the Vienna and Cascade viruses with Ralf Burger, develops the first family of polymorphic viruses, the Chameleon family. Chameleon series debuted with the release of 1260. [21] [22] [23] June: The Form computer virus is isolated in Switzerland. It would remain in the wild for almost 20 years and reappear ...

  3. List of computer worms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_worms

    Most known for being the first virus targeting Mac computers. Morris: November 2, 1988 Robert Tappan Morris: Widely considered to be the first computer worm. Although created for academic purposes, the negligence of the author unintentionally caused the worm to act as a denial of service attack.

  4. Second-order cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_cybernetics

    Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western ...

  5. Computer virus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 30 December 2024. Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread Hex dump of the Brain virus, generally regarded as the first computer virus for the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) and compatibles A computer virus is a type of malware that, when executed, replicates itself by ...

  6. Cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics

    Second-order cybernetics: Also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, second-order cybernetics is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. Schismogenesis; Self-organisation; Social systems theory; Syntegrity; Variety and Requisite Variety; Viable system model

  7. Comparison of computer viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_computer_viruses

    To combat computer viruses and other malicious software, many security advisory organizations and anti-virus software developers compile and publish virus lists. When a new virus appears, the rush begins to identify and understand it as well as develop appropriate counter-measures to stop its propagation.

  8. List of cyberattacks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cyberattacks

    A cyberattack is any type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks, and/or personal computer devices by various means of malicious acts usually originating from an anonymous source that either steals, alters, or destroys a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system.

  9. List of security hacking incidents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_security_hacking...

    The theory that underlies computer viruses was first made public in 1949, when computer pioneer John von Neumann presented a paper titled "Theory and Organization of Complicated Automata". In the paper, von Neumann speculated that computer programs could reproduce themselves.