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A volcanic crater is a bowl-shaped depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity, usually located above the volcano's vent. [11] During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava.
This is a list of named lunar craters. The large majority of these features are impact craters . The crater nomenclature is governed by the International Astronomical Union , and this listing only includes features that are officially recognized by that scientific society.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In addition, three of the four strewn fields have been clearly linked with impact craters using those same criteria. [2] [3] [4] Recognized types of tektites, grouped according to their known strewn fields, their associated craters, and ages are: Australasian strewnfield Approximate age: 0.77–0.78 million years), no confirmed crater:
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. [1] It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions , molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber , through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the ...
Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks. Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been ...
The Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) is also used to remotely measure CO 2, SO 2 and H 2 S. [17] The fluxes of other gases are usually estimated by measuring the ratios of different gases within the volcanic plume, e.g. by FTIR, electrochemical sensors at the volcano crater rim, or direct sampling, and multiplying the ratio of ...
The catalog is divided into three partial lists: List of craters on Mars: A–G; List of craters on Mars: H–N; List of craters on Mars: O–Z; Names are grouped into tables for each letter of the alphabet, containing the crater's name (linked if article exists), coordinates, diameter in kilometers, year of official name adoption (approval), the eponym ("named after") and a direct reference ...