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  2. Solvent effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_effects

    Note the decrease in ΔG ‡ activation for the polar-solvent reaction conditions. This arises from the fact that polar solvents stabilize the formation of the carbocation intermediate to a greater extent than the non-polar-solvent conditions. This is apparent in the ΔE a, ΔΔG ‡ activation. On the right is an S N 2 reaction coordinate diagram.

  3. Solvation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation

    A sodium ion solvated by water molecules. Solvations describes the interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules. Both ionized and uncharged molecules interact strongly with a solvent, and the strength and nature of this interaction influence many properties of the solute, including solubility, reactivity, and color, as well as influencing the properties of the solvent such as its ...

  4. Enthalpy change of solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_change_of_solution

    The integral heat of dissolution is defined as a process of obtaining a certain amount of solution with a final concentration. The enthalpy change in this process, normalized by the mole number of solute, is evaluated as the molar integral heat of dissolution. Mathematically, the molar integral heat of dissolution is denoted as:

  5. Calcium chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_chloride

    Calcium chloride was apparently discovered in the 15th century but wasn't studied properly until the 18th century. [11] It was historically called "fixed sal ammoniac" (Latin: sal ammoniacum fixum [12]) because it was synthesized during the distillation of ammonium chloride with lime and was nonvolatile (while the former appeared to sublime); in more modern times (18th-19th cc.) it was called ...

  6. Solvent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent

    In chemical reactions the use of polar protic solvents favors the S N 1 reaction mechanism, while polar aprotic solvents favor the S N 2 reaction mechanism. These polar solvents are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water to dissolve in water whereas non-polar solvents are not capable of strong hydrogen bonds.

  7. Connecticut man allegedly killed a mother, her infant son ...

    www.aol.com/connecticut-man-allegedly-killed...

    A Connecticut man who allegedly killed a woman and her infant son in November targeted the woman because she owed him $400 for renting a vehicle of his, arrest reports said on Monday.

  8. Dissociation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(chemistry)

    Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.

  9. Do Baking Supplies Expire? From Flour to Salt, Here's When ...

    www.aol.com/baking-supplies-expire-flour-salt...

    It's a classic tale: You have last-minute guests coming over for dinner or a bake sale fundraiser you didn't find out about until the night before—and now you need to concoct some tasty treats ...