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The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior.
Ciclosporin — patients who have received a kidney transplant and are receiving co-trimoxazole and ciclosporin concomitantly are at an increased risk of having a reversible deterioration in their kidney function. Spironolactone — concurrent use can increase the likelihood of hyperkalemia, especially in the elderly. The trimethoprim portion ...
The choice of urinary anti-infective agents for patients with renal dysfunction is generally similar to that for individuals with normal kidney function. However, in cases where the patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases to less than 20 mL/min, drug dosages adjustment is necessary because achieving the desired therapeutic serum ...
Low blood sugar; Hepatitis (liver swelling) Crystalluria (crystals in the urine) Urinary obstruction causing difficulty passing urine; Lowered mental acuity; Depression; Tremor; Aplastic anaemia; Haemolytic anaemia; Hyponatraemia; Purpura; Eosinophilia; Agranulocytosis; Serum sickness; Anaphylaxis; Allergic myocarditis; Angioedema; Drug fever ...
If taken intravenously, the half-life is generally 2.0–2.5 hours in a patient with normal kidney function and normal creatinine clearance. [medical citation needed] In patients with kidney dysfunction, the half-life may increase to 4 to 5 hours. [125] Excretion: The primary route of excretion is the urine. [125]
The risk appears to be higher among people older than 60 and those also taking corticosteroids; [27] the risk also may be higher among people who are male, have a pre-existing joint or tendon issue, have kidney disease, or are highly active. [28] Some experts have advised avoidance of fluoroquinolones in athletes. [28]
Amikacin should be used in smaller doses in the elderly, who often have age-related decreases in kidney function, and children, whose kidneys are not fully developed yet. It is considered pregnancy category D in both the United States and Australia, meaning they have a probability of harming the fetus. [ 9 ]
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with decreased renal function (CrCl < 60 ml/min) due to systemic accumulation and subtherapeutic levels reached in the urinary tract. [9] However, a retrospective chart review suggests the data for this cutoff are slim and a cutoff of CrCl < 40 ml/min would be more appropriate. [42]